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An X-ray is a fast, painless medical imaging test that uses a small, safe dose of electromagnetic radiation to take pictures of the inside of your body. It is primarily used to diagnose broken bones, detect lung infections like pneumonia, and spot swallowed foreign objects.

Gamma rays are the highest-energy, shortest-wavelength form of electromagnetic radiation. They consist of pure energy and have no mass or charge. Emitted naturally by radioactive atomic nuclei or cosmic phenomena, they are incredibly penetrating and can be hazardous to living tissue.

A longitudinal wave is a wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction the wave is traveling. Instead of crests and troughs, these waves consist of alternating compressions (areas where particles are bunched up) and rarefactions (areas where particles are spread out).

Transverse waves are waves where the particles or fields oscillate at right angles (90 degrees) to the direction the wave is traveling

An electromagnetic wave is a self-propagating wave created by oscillating electric and magnetic fields. It requires no physical medium and transports energy and momentum through space. All electromagnetic waves are transverse and travel at the speed of light in a vacuum

Mechanical waves are disturbances that transfer energy through a physical medium (matter like solids, liquids, or gases) by oscillating its particles. They cannot travel through a vacuum. Common examples include sound waves, water ripples, and seismic waves.

A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through space or matter without physically moving the material itself. They are classified primarily into mechanical waves (which need a physical medium, like water or air) and electromagnetic waves (which can travel through a vacuum, like light)

Insulin is a vital peptide hormone that regulates blood sugar by allowing cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream. It is either produced naturally by the beta cells in the pancreas, or synthesized in laboratories using recombinant DNA technology to treat diabetes

Cyclones and anticyclones are large-scale atmospheric pressure systems that rotate in opposite directions due to the Earth's rotation (the Coriolis effect). A cyclone is a low-pressure system that brings stormy, wet, and cloudy weather. An anticyclone is a high-pressure system characterized by sinking air, stable, and clear weather

Air pollution refers to any physical, chemical or biological change in the air. It is the contamination of air by harmful gases, dust and smoke which affects plants, animals and humans drastically.