Nijam's English Care

Rules of Passage Narration
(Direct Speech → Indirect Speech)
✅ Rule–01: Speaker ও Listener নির্ধারণ
প্রথমে Passage পড়ে বুঝতে হবে—
কে কথা বলছে (Speaker)
কাকে বলছে (Listener)
👉 তারপর তাদের বক্তব্য অনুযায়ী verb change করতে হবে।
Example:
Direct:
"Will you come with me?" said Priya to Riya.
"I will come," said Riya.
Indirect:
Priya asked Riya if she would come with her.
Riya replied that she would come.
✅ Rule–02: একাধিক উক্তি থাকলে Reporting Verb
একই বক্তা বারবার কথা বললে—
🔹 Assertive: also said / again said / added / further added
🔹 Interrogative: also asked / again asked / further asked
🔹 Imperative: ordered / requested / advised
🔹 Optative: wished / prayed
🔹 Exclamatory: exclaimed with joy / sorrow / surprise
✅ Rule–03: “Yes” / “No” থাকলে
🔹 Yes থাকলে:
→ replied in the affirmative
🔹 No থাকলে:
→ replied in the negative
👉 যদি Yes/No-এর পরে আরও কথা থাকে, তাহলে that বসবে।
Example:
Direct:
He said, "Yes, I have done it."
Indirect:
He replied in the affirmative that he had done it.
✅ Rule–04: “Sir” বা ভদ্রতা থাকলে
👉 politely / respectfully ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
Example:
Direct:
The student said to the teacher, "Sir, will you teach me English?"
Indirect:
The student asked the teacher respectfully if he would teach him English.
✅ Rule–05: “Thank” থাকলে
👉 Structure:
Subject + thanked + Object
Example:
Direct:
Karim said to me, "Thank you."
Indirect:
Karim thanked me.
✅ Rule–06: “Goodbye” থাকলে
👉 Structure:
Subject + bade + Object + goodbye
Example:
Direct:
She said to Nusrat, "Goodbye."
Indirect:
She bade Nusrat goodbye.
✅ Rule–07: Greetings (Good morning/evening/night)
👉 Structure:
Subject + wished + Object + greeting
Example:
Direct:
He said to her, "Good evening."
Indirect:
He wished her good evening.
✅ Rule–08: Speaker/Listener না থাকলে
👉 Speaker → “the speaker”
👉 Listener → “the listener”
Example:
Direct:
"What are you doing now?"
"I am writing an article."
Indirect:
The speaker asked the listener what he was doing then.
The listener replied that he was writing

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🌟 Tense মনে রাখার সহজ কৌশল
👉 Tense হলো ক্রিয়ার সময়।
👉 কোনো কাজ বর্তমান, অতীত বা ভবিষ্যতে হচ্ছে তা বোঝায়।
📊 এক নজরে Tense (মেইন ফর্মুলা)
🔹 Indefinite
Present → V1
Past → V2
Future → will/shall + V1
🔹 Continuous
Present → am/is/are + ing
Past → was/were + ing
Future → will be + ing
🔹 Perfect
Present → have/has + V3
Past → had + V3
Future → will have + V3
🔹 Perfect Continuous
Present → have been/has been + ing
Past → had been + ing
Future → will have been + ing
🟢 Present Tense (বর্তমান কাল)
✏️ Present Indefinite
👉 অভ্যাস, সত্য, নিয়মিত কাজ
Structure:
👉 Subject + V1 + Object
Example:
I eat rice.
He goes to school.
✏️ Present Continuous
👉 এখন কাজ চলছে
Structure:
👉 Subject + am/is/are + V+ing
Example:
I am eating rice.
He is going.
✏️ Present Perfect
👉 কাজ শেষ, ফল বর্তমান
Structure:
👉 Subject + have/has + V3
Example:
I have eaten rice.
✏️ Present Perfect Continuous
👉 আগে শুরু, এখনও চলছে
Structure:
👉 Subject + have been/has been + V+ing
Example:
I have been reading for 2 hours.
🔵 Past Tense (অতীত কাল)
✏️ Past Indefinite
👉 অতীতে কাজ হয়েছে
Structure:
👉 Subject + V2
Example:
I ate rice.
✏️ Past Continuous
👉 অতীতে কাজ চলছিল
Structure:
👉 Subject + was/were + V+ing
Example:
I was eating.
✏️ Past Perfect
👉 আগে সম্পন্ন কাজ
Structure:
👉 Subject + had + V3
Example:
He had gone.
✏️ Past Perfect Continuous
👉 দীর্ঘ সময় ধরে চলছিল
Structure:
👉 Subject + had been + V+ing
Example:
I had been reading.
🟡 Future Tense (ভবিষ্যৎ কাল)
✏️ Future Indefinite
👉 ভবিষ্যতে কাজ হবে
Structure:
👉 Subject + will/shall + V1
✏️ Future Continuous
👉 কাজ চলতে থাকবে
Structure:
👉 Subject + will be + V+ing
✏️ Future Perfect
👉 নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের আগে শেষ
Structure:
👉 Subject + will have + V3
✏️ Future Perfect Continuous
👉 নির্দিষ্ট সময় পর্যন্ত চলবে
Structure:
👉 Subject + will have been + V+ing
🎯 সহজে মনে রাখার সুপার টেকনিক
👉 শুধু এটা মনে রাখো 👇
Indefinite → V1 / V2
Continuous → be + ing
Perfect → have + V3
Perfect Continuous → have been +

I am not selfish; I just slowly distance myself from those who do not value me.

An innocent 7-year-old child, Ramisa, was r***d and murdered in Dhaka Pallavi.

How many more children will be lost? How many more times will the file be closed saying "justice will be done"?

We strongly demand from the administration:
The culprit should be arrested as soon as possible and exemplary punishment should be ensured.

Effective measures should be taken in all areas to ensure the safety of children.

Silence means condoning injustice.
If you remain silent today, your child or the child in my house will not be safe tomorrow.

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