Kangai Educational Services

"To My Dear Students" ✨
—from Maggy Kangai Educational Services

To every student who clicks, who reads,
Who follows my posts and plants good seeds—
Thank you, dear one, for walking this way,
For letting us guide you, day by day.

You are the reason this mission stands,
With open hearts and helping hands.
We see your dreams, your silent fight,
And pray for your future, bold and bright.

May your books be your stepping stone,
May success and wisdom be your own.
May your nights of study bloom like dawn,
And failures fade as you march on.

Study hard, dear one—plant deep roots,
Study smart—know where truth suits.
Stay focused, prayerful, and determined too,
And the world will open its doors for you.

You will make it—this, I know.
Like seeds in rain, you too will grow.
With faith, with fire, with guided mind,
Your greatness won’t be left behind.

And always remember—you’re not alone,
My team and I will help you grow.
From teachers, medics, pastors wise,
To mentors watching from the skies...

And yes—even this digital friend,
Is here with tips until the end. 😊
We rise with you, we walk your path,
Through every test, through every math!

So thank you, dear student, for trusting me,
For choosing hope, for choosing to see.
Your future is golden, your light will shine—
Keep walking, keep praying… you’ll do just fine.

🌟 With love,
Maggy Kangai
Kangai Educational Services – We Rise Together!

311/1 MARKING SCHEME

HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT

PAPER 1

SECTION A (25 marks)
Answer ALL questions in this section
1. Identify two periods in history. (2 marks)
i. Pre-history
ii. History
2. Give two species of the early man whose remains were discovered in Kenya.
(2 marks)
i. Dryopithecus Africanus (proconsul)
ii. Kenyapithecus
iii. Australopithecus
iv. Homo erectus
3. State two social functions of the Oloibon among the Maasai during the pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
i. He presided over religious functions like offering sacrifices.
ii. He advised and blessed warriors before war/declared war.
iii. He foretold what would happen in future.
4. Identify one Arab dynasty that ruled East African coastal city states in the 16th century.
(1 Mark)
i. Mazrui
ii. Busaidi
iii. Nabahan
5. Give two ways in which education promotes national unity in Kenya. (2 marks)
i. Use of one curriculum/syllabus in all public schools
ii. Use of one medium of instruction (English and Kiswahili)
iii. Common national examinations
iv. Centralized training and deployment of teachers
v. National schools draw students from all parts of Kenya
vi. Common co-curricular activities i.e. drama and music activities in schools

6. State two reasons why the Portuguese built Fort Jesus. (2marks)

i. It acted as a hiding place against attacks from their enemies.
ii. It was used as a base for sending expeditions against resisting communities of the coast.
iii. It was used as a storage for armaments.
iv. It was used as a watch tower to see attackers from a distance.
v. It was used as an administrative base by the Portuguese.
vi. It was used as prison for war captives.
7. Name the type of constitution used in Kenya. (1 Mark)
 Written constitution

8. Name one independent association that promoted education in central Kenya during the colonial period.
(1 Mark)
i. Kikuyu Independent Schools Association (KISA) was established -1929.
ii. Kikuyu Karing’a Educational Association (KKEA) was formed -1930.
9. What was the main ideological difference between KANU and KADU after their formation in 1960? (1 Mark)
 KANU advocated for a unitary constitution while KADU advocated for a federal constitution.
10. Name two sections of the Luo that resisted the British rule in Kenya. ( 2 marks)
i. Luo of Sakwa
ii. Luo of Seme
iii. Luo of Uyoma
iv. Luo of Ugenya
v. Luo of Kisumu.
11. Give two reasons why Africans who lived in urban areas formed welfare organizations during the colonial period. (2 marks)
i. United them for a common cause by lessening ethnic hostilities
ii. To assist each other during social ceremonies/functions i.e. burials
12. Give the main reason for the introduction of the Kipande system in Kenya during the colonial period. (1 Mark)
 To prevent the African labourers from deserting their duties on European farms.
13. State two grievances of the Taita Hills Association. (2marks)
i. To achieve equal political status with whites and Asians.
ii. To help the Taita community to advance.
iii. To protest the destocking policy.
iv. Oppose the plan to relocate the Wadawida people from Taita hills to the plains to create room for white settlers.
v. They were opposed to the kipande system
vi. They were against forced labour i.e. The Europeans forced the Wataita to work on coffee plantations and ferry the coffee over long distances
vii. They were against the low wages paid by the settlers
14. Identify one type of treaty used by Europeans to acquire colonies in East Africa.
(1 Mark)
i. The Anglo-German Agreement of 1886.
ii. Heligoland Treaty of 1890. / the second Anglo-German treaty of1890
15. Identify the main contribution of Oginga Odinga to political democracy in Kenya.
(1 Mark)
 He was the official opposition leader.
16. Give the main function of the correctional services in Kenya. (1 Mark)
 They rehabilitate inmates through counseling in an attempt to correct their behaviour.
17. State the main function of the Judiciary in Kenya. (1 Mark)
 Administration of justice.

SECTION B (45 marks)
Answer ANY THREE questions from this section.
18. a) Give three sub-tribes of the Ameru. ( 3marks)
i. Igembe
ii. Tigania
iii. Tharaka
iv. Imenti,
v. Chuka
b) Describe the political organization of the Agikuyu during the pre-colonial period.
(Any 6x2=12 marks)
i. They had a decentralized system of government.
ii. They had clans and sub-clans (Mbari) living in the same ridge.
iii. A clan or ridge was under a spokesperson (Muramati).
iv. They were ruled by councils of elders (Kiama).
v. The councils of elders performed various tasks including religious, administrative and judicial functions.
vi. There existed two generation sets (Mariika): Mwangi and Maina, with each performing leadership roles alternately for a period of time.
vii. They had a class of warriors for defense, directed by councils of elders.
viii. They had other leaders like the prophets, priests and diviners who played important political roles in the society.
19. a) Give three reasons why Seyyid Said transferred his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar in 1840. (3 marks)
i. Seyyid said desired to effectively control the coastal towns through the centrally located Zanzibar.
ii. Zanzibar had a pleasant climate compared to Muscat which was hot and dry.
iii. It also had fresh water, adequate rainfall and fertile soils that favored clove growing.
iv. Zanzibar was easily defensible as an island. It was easy to see the enemy from far and launch an attack from the island.
v. The deep natural harbours of Zanzibar in which ships could anchor were attractive.
vi. Zanzibar’s central position also favoured development of long distance trade.
vii. The town had a long history of loyalty to Oman throughout the Mazrui- Busaidi struggle.
b) Explain six effects of long distance trade on the people of East Africa. (12 marks)
i. The trade led to intermarriage between Muslim traders with the local Bantu communities giving rise to the Swahili people with a distinct culture.
ii. There was emergence of Kiswahili as a new language of the coastal people. The language is a mixture of Bantu and Arabic languages.
iii. The trade led to the spread of the Islamic culture along the coastal region. Stone buildings were constructed, new dressing styles arose (women began to wear buibui while men wore kanzus), new eating habits also evolved.
iv. The Islamic law, sharia was also introduced in administration.
v. Many Africans were converted to Islam. However, the religion did not spread beyond the coastal region prior to the 19th century.
vi. New crops were introduced along the coast. For example, rice, wheat, millet, cloves, vegetables and fruits such as bananas and oranges. Cloth, cowrie shells and spices were also introduced.
vii. Development of towns like Pemba, Mombasa, Lamu, Zanzibar and Kilwa from profits from the trade.
viii. The trade led to the rise of a class of rich merchants exhibiting a high standard of living. African merchants who rose to prominence included chief Kivoi among the Akamba, Ngonyo of the Giriama, Mwakikonga of the Digo, Nyungu ya mawe, Mirambo and Msiri of the Nyamwezi.
ix. There was decline of the local industries like weaving and iron working which were affected by the influx of foreign goods like cloth from India and iron tools from Asia and Europe.
x. There was destruction of wildlife, especially elephant and rhinoceros due to the increased demand for ivory.
xi. The increased demand for slaves promoted warfare among the communities as many people were captured during slave raids. It also created fear while others lost their life during the warfare.
xii. Slave trade also disrupted African economies as able bodied men were captured leaving behind the aged, weak, and children who made little contribution. Many even died of starvation since they could not participate in food production.
xiii. African population in the hinterland greatly reduced as many were sold into slavery.
xiv. Money (currency) was introduced as a means of exchange to replace the barter system of trade.
xv. Trade routes led to the establishment of trade caravan routes which later were upgraded to roads by the colonialists.

20. a) State three reasons why the colonial government encouraged white settlement in Kenya. (3marks)
i. They hoped that settler farming would meet the cost of administration and railway maintenance.
ii. The British industries were also in need of cheaper raw Materials in an increasingly competitive European Market. These raw materials would be cheaply produced by the settlers.
iii. The settlers would also help control the prevailing Asian immigration and influence in Kenya.
iv. The colonial government wanted to make Kenya a white man’s country by encouraging white settlers to form the backbone of the economy.
v. Kenya Highlands had cool wet climate and fertile volcanic soils suitable for European settlement and agriculture.
vi. Existence of already willing entrepreneurs like Lord Delamere and Captain Grogan who were ready to come to Kenya and engage in profitable agriculture.


vii. The Whites would be loyal to the colonial government as opposed to the Africans.
b) Explain six effects of the construction of the Uganda railway. (12 marks)
i. It led to development of European settler farming in order to make the railway pay for its construction.
ii. There was rampant land alienation. The colonial government alienated African land for railway construction forcing communities like the Maasai and Nandi to move into reserves.
iii. There was rise of wage labour for the railway and later for the settler farmers.
iv. It led to growth of urban centres along the railway line e.g. Nairobi. Railway construction promoted economic growth of the East African region. This is because farm produce and other commercial products could easily reach the market.
v. It led to rise of large Asian settlement since many Indians were employed as railway workers. This Asians boosted trade in East Africa.
vi. It led to development of other forms of infrastructure like the roads and telecommunication lines. This stimulated trade development.
vii. It led to transfer of the administrative capital from Mombasa in 1905 to Nairobi.
viii. When the railway reached Kisumu in 1902, it led to major changes to the administrative boundaries within East African region. Initially, the western region up to Naivasha was part of Uganda.
ix. The railway became a major revenue source for the colonial authorities.
x. It facilitated the establishment of colonial rule in Kenya since it was possible for rapid movement of troops.
xi. It facilitated the cultural and social interaction among the different races.
xi. The railway made rural-urban migration and the resultant African enterprises such as hawking and charcoal – selling possible.
xii. Other forms of transport and communication developed and expanded along the railway line. For example roads and telecommunications.
xiii. Christian missionaries were able to move into the interior, where they established mission churches and schools.
21. a) Identify five roles played by women in the struggle for independence in Kenya.
(5marks)
i. The women acted as spies/informers to the Mau Mau fighters in Nairobi and other urban centres.
ii. They contributed to the establishment of independent churches and schools. For example, Legio Maria was co-founded by a Woman, Aoko, in Western Kenya.
iii. They provided food to the fighters in the bushes.
iv. In central Kenya, they composed songs and dances, which ridiculed colonial chiefs and other agents of the colonial system. E.g. Muthirigu.
v. They, looked after families, as the men were busy fighting in the forests.
vi. They hid the fighters in houses.
vii. They participated in the oathing ceremonies, some acting as chief oathing administrators.
viii. Some participated actively in the freedom wars and were even killed e.g. Marshal Muthoni, Elizabeth Gachika etc.
ix. They participated in demonstrations and meetings to fight colonialists.
x. They joined the MAU MAU fighters in the forests, with the main role of organizing and coordinating the rural network.
xi. They smuggled arms from the whites to the fighters.
xii. They led and inspired the resistance through their prophecy and encouragement e.g. Moraa and Mekatilili wa Menza.
xiii. In 1960, a woman, Priscilla Abwao, took part in the Lancaster House Conference, in London, to prepare the independence constitution.
b) Discuss five factors which enabled the Mau Mau freedom fighters to sustain the fight against the British. (10 marks)
i. Oathing, which united the people and gave them the courage, determination and momentum during the course of the rebellion.
ii. The use of guerilla tactics ensured less loss of life and prolonged the war. It made it difficult for the British to suppress the rebellion.
iii. The support to the fighters from the civilians who supplied food, water, spying etc.
iv. Strong leadership of the movement by people like Dedan Kimathi, Waruhiu Itote (General China), Stanley Mathenge and General Matenjagwo.
v. The deep resentment of the people against the Europeans gave them the reason to continue fighting.
vi. The natural forests of Mount Kenya and Aberdare ranges provided good hideouts for the fighters.
Vii.The fighters had enough weapons. They accessed weapons like the homemade guns, swords and Machetes to add to what they were able to seize from the settlers.

SECTION C (30 marks)
Answer ANY TWO questions from this section.
22. a) State three peaceful methods of conflict resolution in Kenya. (3 marks)
i. Arbitration.
ii. Diplomacy.
iii. Legislation.
iv. Use of elders.
v. Religious action.
vi. Court action/litigation.
vii. Mediation
b) Explain six importance of National Integration to the people of Kenya.
(12 marks)
i. It promotes rapid social and economic development in a country / enables people to develop a country.
ii. Promotes peaceful co-existence of different ethnic groups and races in a country.
iii. It helps limit suspicion and enhances security.
iv. It enables people tackle problems together.
v. It enhances political stability in a country.
vi. It promotes collective responsibility among citizens in a country.
vii. It makes Kenya to speak with one voice in international fora like UNO.
viii. It attracts foreign investment.
ix. It unites Kenya and hence earning herself recognition and can be invited to take part in international activities like peace keeping missions or being chosen as a headquarters of an international agency e.g. UNEP
23. a) Identify three non-military functions of the Kenya Defence Forces. (3 marks)
i. They participate in public works / nation building activities e.g. road construction (public / nation building initiative).
ii. They provide emergency services e.g. fighting fire.
iii. They provide entertainment during national functions.
b) Discuss six measures that have been introduced to improve the work of national police service. (12 marks)
i. Acquisition of modern communication equipment and vehicles to improve transport and communication.
ii. Introduction of public relations officer and spokes-person to improve public relations. iii. Raise qualification requirements.
iv. Introduction of professional training programmes.
v. Improvement in living and working conditions and terms.
vi. Community policing has been introduced.
vii. Streamlining the recruitment of personnel to reflect diversity of Kenyan people.
viii. Employing more police personnel to improve the overall police population ratio.
ix. Increased surveillance along the common border by patrol bases and deploying more personnel to curb illegal entry in to the country.
x. Increased duration of training to make them more efficient in fighting crime.
24. a) State three elective positions in Kenya. (3marks)
i. Presidential
ii. Gubernatorial/governor
iii. Senatorial
iv. County Woman Representative
v. Member of Parliament to represent constituency
vi. Member of county assembly

b) Explain six functions of the cabinet in Kenya. (12 marks)
i. To advise and assist the president in governing the country.
ii. To discuss national and international issues.
iii. To perform delegated duties by the president e.g. appointment of board members of parastatals.
iv. They formulate government policies and programmes like giving guidelines on Kenya’s domestic policy which include the economy, social welfare, law and order.
v. They initiate new bills and table them in the national assembly.
vi. They are in charge of their ministries giving them direction, managing them and ensuring that they are running smoothly.
vii. The one in charge of finance formulates the national budget and presents it to the National assembly for approval.

CRE PAPER 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1a) Reasons why Christian Religious Education is taught in Kenyan schools today (7 marks)
(i) It equips the learner with an understanding of God / spiritually growth
(ii) The learner acquires life skill to handle challenges in life
(iii) It help one to respect his/ her own / other people’s religious beliefs
(iv) It helps ones to acquire basic principles for Christian living / moral values
(v) It enables ones to understand how to relate with other people
(vi) It gives answers to questions / mysteries of life
(vii) It explains the origin / purpose of human beings on earth
(viii) It leads to employment / career

7x1= 7 marks

b) Reasons why the Bible is referred to as the “Word of God” (7 marks)
i. The people/authors who wrote the Bible were under the influence of the Holy Spirit / inspired
ii. Through it, God's character /attributes/ nature is revealed / speak about God
iii. God speaks/communicates to human beings through the Bible/it contains God's spoken words
iv. It shows the will / desire of God for human beings
v. Through the Bible God guides people in their daily lives
vi. It transforms lives of people / source of moral values
vii. Part of the Bible was directly written by God Himself i.e the Ten Commandments
viii. Prophecies/ promises made in the Bible have been / are being fulfilled
ix. It reveals the actions done by God
x. It outlines God's plan salvation fulfilled through Jesus Christ
xi. It remains relevant for all generations/ never changes
(7x1=7 marks)

c) Ways in which the Bible is misused in Kenya today (6 marks)
(i) It is used to take oaths in courts / offices by people who may not be believers /
not saying the truth.
(ii) It is kept in places associated with evil.
(iii) There is distortion of the Biblical teachings / specific verses are picked to fulfill
Individual demand misinterpretation
(iv) Some people use the Bible like an ordinary text book I reference.
(v) It is being used in witchcraft / cults to mislead people
(vi) Some people are using it to enrich themselves / it is a tool of trade
(vii) Some new version translated have changed the original meaning of the Bible
(viii) The Bible is not read for spiritual growth but it is kept for display
ix) Some people use the Bible to threaten others/ administer curses
6x1-6 marks

2a) Describe the call of Abraham (Genesis 12:1-9) (8 marks)
i. God told Abraham to leave his country Haran/ his kindred/ his father’s house to the land that God would show him
ii. Od promised Abraham that he would make him a great nation/ bless him/ make his name great/ source of blessing
iii. Abraham left the land of Haran as he had been instructed by God
iv. Abraham was seventy five years when he was called
v. He took his wife Sarai/ Lot his brother’s son/ all their possession/ his serants and set forth to the land of Canaan
vi. They passed through Canaan to the place at Shechem/ Oak of Moreh
vii. God appeared to Abraham in the land of Canaan/ promised to give the land of Canaan to his descendants
viii. Abraham built an altar to the Lord at Schechem
ix. He moved to the mountain on the east of Bethel/ pitched his tent/ built an altar for the Lord/ called on the name of the Lord
x. Abraham journeyed on towards the Negev.
xi.
(8x1=8 marks)

b) Instructions given to Abraham concerning circumcision in Genesis 17. (5 marks)

(i) To practice circumcision as a sign of the covenant for him and his descendants.
(ii) Every male was to be circumcised.
(iii) Circumcision was to be the cutting of fo****in.
(iv) Every male was to be circumcised on the eight day.
(v) It was to be passed on from one generation to another.
(vi) Slaves bought with money were to be circumcised.
vii)Any uncircumcised male shall be an outcast
viii)It was to be a sign of obedience and faith in God.
(5 × 1 = 5 marks)

c) Explain why some people in Kenya find it difficult to worship God. (7 marks)
i. Some people have a lot of wealth/ influence/ power/ pride/ therefore they see no need of worshipping God
ii. Other people live in abject poverty hence they lose hope in God
iii. Some people are discouraged by bad examples set by some members/leaders/poor role models
iv. Influence by modern technology whereby some people spend more time on their phones/ computers/ hence have no time to worship God/ science and technology providing many solutions
v. Constant conflicts in some churches/ leadership wrangles
vi. Some people have no faith in God/ spiritual matters therefore they cannot worship God/ no knowledge of God
vii. Some people give up on worshipping God when their needs are not met/ payers are not answered
viii. Some people do not worship God because they believe in other forces/ powers of darkness/ witchcraft/ devil worship
ix. Some people fear to be ridiculed/ mocked by friends/ peers hence fails to worship God.
x. Ethnic differences/ discrimination
xi. Hostility/ insecurity/sickness
xii. Job commitments/ busy schedules
xiii. Permissiveness in the society
xiv.
(7x1= 7marks)

3a) Give seven reasons why the Israelites demanded for a king. (I Samuel 8) (7 marks)
i. Samuel’s sons whom he had appointed as judges were corrupt and took bribes
ii. The Israelites wanted to be like other nations around them who had kings
iii. They wanted a king to lead them in war against their enemies e. g philistines
iv. They wanted a warrior king to lead them in the battle
v. They wanted a human leader whom they could see and approach
vi. They wanted a king who would govern them with law and order
vii. They wanted stable hereditary kingship like other nations like other nations where power was hereditary
7x1=7 marks

b) Activities of King Jeroboam which made the Israelites in the Northern Kingdom to turn
away from God (7 marks)
i. He stopped the Israelites from going to worship in Jerusalem
ii. He made two golden calf images to represent Yahweh
iii. He made the people offer sacrifices to idols
iv. He made Bethel and Dan centers of worship
v. He built places of worship in hilltops
vi. He chose priests who did not belong to the family of Levi
vii. He instituted his own religious festivals in the months of his choice
Viii) He worshipped idols
(7x1=7 marks)

c) Factors that prevent political leaders from performing their duties efficiently in
Kenya today (6 marks)
i. Ridicule from the members of the society
ii. Inability to live to the expectations of their electorate or to the promises made during campaigns
iii. Women leaders are discriminated against/looked down upon by some members of the society
iv. Divisions and conflict within and between the parties
v. Lack of adequate forum to meet and address their electorate
vi. Insecurity /death threats/ harassment by opponents
vii. Conflicting ideologies resulting in divisive decisions
viii) Inadequate funds to carry out development
ix) Personal differences
x) Inadequate infrastructure
xi) Cultural/religious barriers/tribal/racial/corruption
6x1= 6 marks
4a) Categories of true prophets in the Old Testament (8 marks)
iii)Canonical prophets- they are prophets whose utterances are recorded in books that bear their names
iv)Non-Canonical prophets- they are prophets whose oracles/messages have been compiled by other authors
v)Cultic- they are prophets whose duties were associated with places of worship
vi)Early prophets- were sent by God for specific tasks
(4x2= 8 marks)

b) Reasons why Prophet Amos was against the worship of God in Israel (6 marks)
(i) The Israelites had neglected God/prophets
ii) They practiced insincere worship/had no inner faith.
iii) The worshippers were not righteous/they mistreated fellow Israelites which was against God’s teaching.
iv) They worshipped God as well as Baal/practiced syncretism.
v) They were impatient during the worship ceremony/wanted to go back to their businesses.
vi) They gave sacrifices/ offerings as a show off/ pride/ not for love of God/hypocrisy
vii) They had many ceremonial festivals/ feasts
(viii) They showed disrespect to the name of God through sexual immorality/ profaned
(ix) They defiled the place of worship. e.g. drinking & wine
x) They worshipped other gods/ built high places for them
(6x1=6 marks)

c) Reasons why Christians find it difficult to help the needy in the society today (6 marks)
i) There are too many needy cases.
ii) Tribal/ethnic feelings may hinder one from giving assistance to the needy.
iii) Political leaning/affiliations influence Christians against helping those who do not belong to their camp.
iv) Lack of what to share/inadequacy/ lack of time
v) Indifferences of some Christians to the light of the needy.
vi) Denominational differences where some Christians are not ready share with those who do not belong to their group.
vii) Poor communication/infrastructure in some parts of the country that make impossible to reach the needy.
viii) It is difficult to identify the genuine needy cases.
ix) Misappropriation of resources meant for assisting the needy discourages Christian from contributing.
x) Insecurity/ hostility
6x1= 6marks

5a) Describe the religious life of the Jews while in Babylonian exile (5 marks)
i. They worshipped in private homes
ii. They worshipped God in synagogues
iii. The people had little faith in God following their misfortunes
iv. There were prophets who preached and gave the people hope of return
v. They observed the Sabbath
vi. There were no sacrifices offered
vii. They sang psalms during worship sessions
viii) Circumcision was retained as a religious sign of the covenant with God
ix) They observed the dietary laws in accordance with the Mosaic Law.
5x1= 5 marks

b) Occasions that Nehemiah prayed (7 marks)
i. Nehemia prayed when he got a bad report from the Jews that Jerusalem was in ruins
ii. When he was about to ask for permission from King Artaxerxes I to go to Judah and rebuild the wall of Jerusalem
iii. When Sanballat ridiculed the rebuilding of the wall
iv. When Sanballat/Tobiah/Amonites threatened to fight the people of Jerusalem/stop /attack
v. He prayed for God’s favour after having fortified his position of food as governor for twelve years
vi. when he had purified the rooms in the house of God
vii. After warning the people against ignoring the Sabbath law
viii. After he had stopped the Israelites from intermarrying with the foreigners
ix. When he was falsely accused of treason/planning rebellion

(7x1=7 marks)

c) State eight the importance of prayer in the life of a Christian (8 marks)
i. Prayer is a way of communicating with God/fellowship with God
ii. Through prayer Christian faith in God is strengthened
iii. Christians have opportunity to confess/seek for forgiveness through payer
iv. Through prayer Christians thank God for blessings received
v. Christians ask/petition god for their need through prayers/protection
vi. They use prayer to intercede/show concern for others/prayer for the sick
vii. Prayers are made in obedience to the teachings of Jesus /the Bible/commanded by God
viii. It is a way of emulating the example set by Jesus/the early Church
ix. Christians praise/adore God through prayer/worship
x. Prayer promote unity among believers
xi. To seek God’s will/guidance

(8x1=8 marks)

6a) State eight African traditional practices which demonstrated people’s belief in God (8 marks)

i. By praying to God
ii. By offering sacrifices and giving offerings
iii. By singing and dancing to God
iv. By naming children names of God
v. By visiting holy /sacred places
vi. By invoking the name of god in times of problems
vii. By caring for God’s creation
viii) By consulting priests /prophets about God’s will
ix) By taking oath in the name of God
x) By pronouncing blessing in the name of God
xi) By building shrines for God’s worship.

(8 x 1 =8 marks)

b) Give five reasons for singing and dancing during initiation in Traditional African community (5 marks)
i) The songs inform the participants of the history of the community./preserving culture/beliefs/practices
ii) They provide an opportunity for the members to socialise/ unity
iii) It diverts the initiate’s minds from the impending pain.
iv) The songs teach participants important moral values.
vi) Through singing and dancing the members exercise their bodies
vii) The songs encourage the initiates to face the challenge/ rebuke cowardice.
(viii) It exposes those with leadership qualities/ skills/talents.
(ix)They are used to mark the various stages of the initiation ceremonies/ happiness/ rejoice
(x) It is a forum of prayer for the initiative/ drive away evil spirits/ blessing for the initiates xi) Singing and dancing is a form of entertainment/ enjoyment/happiness
(5x1=5 marks)

c) Identify seven ways in which Kenyans show respect to places of worship (7 marks)
i. They maintain cleanliness in places of worship
ii. In some cases they remove shoes
iii. They decorate/ put flowers in places of worship
iv. They dress decently when going to church for worship
v. Order is maintained in places of worship
vi. Constructing beautiful/ large places of worship
vii. Dedicating all instruments/ property in places of worship
viii. Showing respect/ obedience to the church leaders
ix. Observing and maintaining silence in places of worship
x. Securing places of worship

7x1= 7 marks