French private classes Nairobi Kenya

PASSE ANTERIEUR

Like the 'passé simple', the passé antérieur is a literary tense.
They are often found together in the same text. The passé antérieur is used
in literature, in formal writing, and in very formal speeches, when speaking
of past events which are prior to other past actions; it is the literary equivalent
of the plus-que-parfait. In other words, it is used for a past action that was completed before another action in the past (usually expressed in the passé simple).

The passé antérieur is formed with the passé simple of the appropriate auxiliary (avoir or être) plus the past participle of the main verb.

Passé antérior = auxiliary in the literary past + past participle of main verb


PARLER - TO SPEAK

j'eus parlé - I had spoken
tu eus parlé - you had spoken
il / elle / on eut parlé - he / she / it had spoken
nous eûmes parlé - we had spoken
vous eûtes parlé - you had spoken
ils / elles eurent parlé - they had spoken

ALLER - TO GO

je fus allé(e) - I had gone
tu fus allé(e) - you had gone
il / elle / on fut allé(e) - he / she / it had gone
nous fûmes allé(e)s - we had gone
vous fûtes allé(e)(s) - you had gone
ils / elles furent allé(e)s - they had gone

French Possessive Adjectives

je – mon, ma, mes (my)
tu – ton, ta, tes (your)
il / elle – son, sa, ses (his / her)
nous – notre, nos (our)
vous – votre, vos (your)
ils / elles – leur, leurs (their)

The weather
Comment parler de la météo en anglais?

Quel temps pour demain ? – Vocabulaire de la météo en anglais

The weather = le temps
Weather conditions = les conditions météorologique
the weather forecast = les prévisions météorologique
What’s the forecast ? = Quelles sont les prévisions ?
What is the weather like ? / How’s the weather ? = Quel temps fait-il ?
the barometer = le baromètre
a weathercock = une girouette
a cold/hot climate = un climat froid/chaud

Good weather = le beau temps
the weather’s fine = il fait beau
It’s a nice day = il fait beau aujourd’hui
glorious weather = du très beau temps
sunny = ensoleillé
bright intervals = des éclaircies
the weather is clearing = le temps se lève
the weather is brightening = le temps s’éclaircit
to get (got, got) better = s’améliorer

dry = sec
a drought = la sécheresse

A cloud = un nuage
a cloud bank = un banc de nuage
There is not a cloud in the sky = le ciel est bien dégagé
to cloud over = se couvrir (ciel)
overcast = couvert
dull = maussade
a grey sky = un ciel gris
changeable = variable
unsettled = instable
It looks like rain/snow = le temps est à la pluie/neige
to get worse = empirer
it’s clearing up = ça se dégage

Rain = la pluie
rainfall = les précipitations
a raindrop = une goutte de pluie
a deluge = une pluie diluvienne, un déluge
It is raining cats and dogs = il pleut des cordes.
What a terrible day ! = Quel sale temps !
rainy = pluvieux
to rain = pleuvoir
It is starting to rain = il commence à pleuvoir
to drizzle = bruiner
drizzle = la bruine
a shower = une averse
a cloudburst/a downburst = une grosse averse
it’s pouring = il pleut à torrents
It is pouring with rain = il pleut à verse
Sleet = la neige fondue
hail = la grêle
to hail = grêler
fog = le brouillard
foggy = brumeux
to lift = se lever (brouillard, brume)
Wet = mouillé
to get wet = se mouiller
to get soaked = se faire tremper
to be soaked through = être trempé jusqu’aux os
to dry = sécher
a rainbow = un arc-en-ciel
Humid = humide (air, climat)
humidity = l’humidité
dew = la rosée

the wind = le vent
there’s a wind blowing/it’s windy = il y a du vent
a high wind/a strong wind = un vent fort
a gust of wind = un coup de vent
lull = une accalmie
to blow (blew, blown) = souffler
the wind has dropped = le vent est tombé
windy = venteux
a breeze = une brise
A storm/a tempest/a gale = une tempête
a howling gale = une violente tempête
a squall = une rafale de vent
a tornado = une tornade
a typhoon = un typhon
a hurricane = un ouragan
to rage = se déchainer

A thunderstorm = un orage
thundery = orageux
thunder = le tonnerre
a clap of thunder = un coup de tonnerre
to thunder = tonner
lightning = les éclairs, la foudre
lightning has struck = la foudre est tombée

Frost = le gel
to freeze (froze, frozen) = geler
it will be a frosty morning = il gèlera le matin
ice = la glace
icy = glacé, glacial (vent)
black ice = le verglas
a sheet of black ice = une plaque de verglas
icy = verglacé (route)

Snow = la neige
to snow = neiger
a snowflake = un flocon de neige
a snowfall = une chute de neige
snowy = neigeux
to melt = fondre

Heat = la chaleur
sweltering heat = une chaleur caniculaire
hot = chaud
it’s hot = il fait chaud
a blazing hot day = une journée de grand beau temps
a heatwave = une vague de chaleur
It’s scorching hot = il fait une chaleur étouffante
sultry= étouffant
close = lourd (temps)
Warmth = la chaleur (douce, agréable)
It’s warm today = il fait assez chaud aujourd’hui

meteo en anglaisCold = froid
It’s cold = il fait froid
cool = frais
It’s cool = il fait frais
to be cold = avoir froid
it’s chilly = il fait très frais
it’s nippy = il fait frisquet
it’s getting cooler/colder = le temps se rafraîchit

The temperature = la température
What is the temperature ? = Quelle température fait-il ?
in temperatures over 30° = par des températures de plus de 30°
below-freezing temperatures = des températures en dessous de zéro
It was 30° in the shade = il faisait 30° degrés à l’ombre
to fall (fell, fallen) = baisser (la température)
to rise (rose, risen) = monter

Passé composé (French pronunciation: ​[paˈse kɔ̃poˈze],
compound past) is the most commonly used past tense in the
modern French language. It is used to express an action that
has been finished completely or incompletely at the time of speech,
or at some (possibly unknown) time in the past. Passé composé originally corresponded in function to the English present perfect, and is still used as such or as past simple.

Passé composé is formed using an auxiliary verb and the past participle of a verb.
*************************************************************

Auxiliary "avoir"

The auxiliary verb is typically avoir ("to have"), but is sometimes être ("to be") (see below).

This is the conjugation of avoir, with a past participle:

j'ai vu (I have seen) nous avons vu (we have seen)
tu as vu (you have seen) vous avez vu (you have seen)
il/elle/on a vu (he/she/it has seen) ils/elles ont vu (they have seen)

**********************************************************

The verbs that use être as an auxiliary verb are intransitive verbs that usually indicate motion or change of state.

je suis mort(e) (I am dead) nous sommes mort(e)s (we are dead)
tu es mort(e) (you are dead) vous êtes mort(e)s (you are dead)
il/elle/on est mort(e) (he/she/it is dead) ils/elles sont mort(e)s (they are dead)

The following is a list of verbs that use être (for intransitive usage) as their auxiliary verbs in passé composé:

Devenir – to become – (être) devenu(e)(s)
Revenir – to come back – (être) revenu(e)(s)
Monter – to go up – (être) monté(e)(s)
Rester – to stay – (être) resté(e)(s)
Sortir – to exit – (être) sorti(e)(s)
Venir – to come – (être) venu(e)(s)
Aller – to go – (être) allé(e)(s)
Naître – to be born – (être) né(e)(s)
Descendre – to descend – (être) descendu(e)(s)
Entrer – to enter – (être) entré(e)(s)
Retourner – to return – (être) retourné(e)(s)
Tomber – to fall – (être) tombé(e)(s)
Rentrer – to re-enter – (être) rentré(e)(s)
Arriver – to arrive – (être) arrivé(e)(s)
Mourir – to die – (être) mort(e)(s)
Partir – to leave – (être) parti(e)(s)

The above are commonly remembered using the acronym DR and MRS VANDERTRAMP. In addition to these, at least one other verb is conjugated with être:

Décéder – to decease – (être) décédé(e)(s)
Passer – to pass – (être) passé(e)(s) (although it is only conjugated with être when describing movement)

A chaque jour suffit sa peine --- Each day has enough trouble of its own

Ce proverbe signifie qu'il faut supporter les peines d'aujourd'hui et ne pas se soucier de celles à venir.

Ne remets pas au lendemain ce que tu peux faire le jour même.

Qui craint de souffrir, souffre de la crainte.

We use the imperative to order someone to do something.

Examples:
Arrêtez ! -------------------- Stop!
Montez ! -------------------- Climb!
Conduisez-moi à la gare ! ------------ Drive me to the station!

Sometimes we include ourselves in the order and use the imperative for the first person plural (we).

Example:
Allons-y ! -------------------- Let us go!

En résumé : Que vs Qui. As a relative pronoun, que is a direct object (person or thing), and qui is either a subject (person or thing) or the object of a preposition (person only). * Unlike when they are interrogative pronouns, in which case qui means "who" and que means "what."

To make a sentence negative in French you have to use two negative terms. The first one is "ne" (or "n' " if the word begins with a vowel) and the second one can be the most common "pas" or an other like "plus", "rien", "jamais", "personne".

Rien (nothing, not anything)
Personne (nobody, no one)
Jamais (never)
Plus (neither, not either)

When the sentence is conjugated in a simple tense, the first term "ne"/"n' " is placed directly before the verb, unless the verb is preceded by an object, in which case you should place "ne" before the object. The second term is placed directly after the verb.

When the sentence is conjugated in a compound tense, the first term "ne"/"n' " is placed directly before the auxiliary, unless the verb is preceded by an object, in which case you should place "ne" before the object. The second term is placed directly after the auxiliary.
Be careful there is an exception with "personne" that is placed after the verb.
Examples:
Ils n'ont rien vu.
Tu n'avais pas pensé à ça.
Nous ne sommes jamais allés en Afrique.
Elle ne l'a plus entendu.
Il n'a regardé personne.

"Rien" and "personne" followed with "ne" can be placed right before the verb, if used as the subject of the sentence.
Examples:
Rien n'est facile dans la vie.
Personne ne veut m'aider.
Examples:
Je ne suis pas italien.
Nous ne l'aimons pas.
Elle n'écoute jamais.
Il n'aime personne.
Je ne veux plus manger.
Vous n'achetez rien.

Where to Put Pronouns in French

J’ai donné le ballon à Mutiso. — I gave Mutiso the ball.

Je le lui ai donné. — I gave it to him.

Tu as donné le livre à Otieno ? (Did you give the book to Otieno?)

Oui, je le lui ai donné tout à l’heure dans la cuisine. (Yes I gave it to him a while ago in the kitchen.)

The French language usually uses a subject–verb–object structure, but when using most pronouns, it places enclitics before the verb. That is sometimes mistaken for SOV word order.

Sentence Nous les avons.

Parts Nous les-avons.

Gloss We them/those-have

Parts Subject Object-Verb

Translation We have those/them

Se mettre - To get started

Présent

je me mets
tu te mets
il se met
nous nous mettons
vous vous mettez
ils se mettent

Conjugations for the verb se sentir.

translation: to feel

verb type: pronominal verbs

Présent

je me sens
tu te sens
il/elle se sent
nous nous sentons
vous vous sentez
ils/elles se sentent