Dr.Fish 鱼博士 - RAS Aquaculture Specialist

Dr.Fish 鱼博士 - RAS Aquaculture Specialist

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RAS Aquaculture Specialist | Training & System Solutions
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RAS循环水养殖专家|教学 + 系统一站式
教你从0开至商业化

08/06/2026

🌊 世界海洋日|World Ocean Day

6月8日是世界海洋日。

海洋孕育生命,也支撑着人类的食物来源、气候平衡与生态系统。然而,随着全球人口增长、海鲜需求增加、过度捕捞、海洋污染和环境变化,海洋所承受的压力也越来越大。

世界海洋日提醒我们:海洋不是取之不尽、用之不竭的资源。人类可以向海洋获取食物,但不能以破坏生态为代价。

在水产养殖行业里,这一天也有特别的意义。

未来的水产养殖,不能只追求产量,更要重视食品安全、环境保护和可持续发展。传统养殖如果管理不当,可能带来水质污染、病害扩散、药物残留和生态压力。因此,现代化养殖必须走向更可控、更环保、更负责任的方向。

RAS循环水养殖技术,正是其中一个重要方向。

通过循环用水、减少外排、稳定水质、降低对自然环境的依赖,RAS不仅是一种养殖技术,更是一种对环境更负责任的生产模式。

对 Dr.Fish 来说,推广 RAS 环保科技养殖,不只是为了教会更多人养鱼养虾,更是希望推动水产养殖从“资源消耗型”走向“系统管理型”和“生态责任型”。

世界海洋日提醒我们:

人类要吃海鲜,
但不能牺牲海洋。

未来真正有价值的水产养殖,不只是养得多,而是养得安全、养得稳定、养得可持续。

守护海洋,从改变养殖方式开始。

✍️ 作者:陈丰裕(Ryan Tan Hong Joo)
RAS环保科技养殖专家|Dr.Fish创办人

可以,以下是适合 Dr.Fish Page 发布的中英版本,语气偏专业、温和、有使命感。

🌊 世界海洋日|World Ocean Day

6月8日是世界海洋日。

海洋孕育生命,也支撑着人类的食物来源、气候平衡与生态系统。然而,随着全球人口增长、海鲜需求增加、过度捕捞、海洋污染和环境变化,海洋所承受的压力也越来越大。

世界海洋日提醒我们:海洋不是取之不尽、用之不竭的资源。人类可以向海洋获取食物,但不能以破坏生态为代价。

在水产养殖行业里,这一天也有特别的意义。

未来的水产养殖,不能只追求产量,更要重视食品安全、环境保护和可持续发展。传统养殖如果管理不当,可能带来水质污染、病害扩散、药物残留和生态压力。因此,现代化养殖必须走向更可控、更环保、更负责任的方向。

RAS循环水养殖技术,正是其中一个重要方向。

通过循环用水、减少外排、稳定水质、降低对自然环境的依赖,RAS不仅是一种养殖技术,更是一种对环境更负责任的生产模式。

对 Dr.Fish 来说,推广 RAS 环保科技养殖,不只是为了教会更多人养鱼养虾,更是希望推动水产养殖从“资源消耗型”走向“系统管理型”和“生态责任型”。

世界海洋日提醒我们:

人类要吃海鲜,
但不能牺牲海洋。

未来真正有价值的水产养殖,不只是养得多,而是养得安全、养得稳定、养得可持续。

守护海洋,从改变养殖方式开始。

✍️ 作者:陈丰裕(Ryan Tan Hong Joo)
RAS环保科技养殖专家|Dr.Fish创办人

🌊 World Ocean Day

June 8 is World Ocean Day.

The ocean supports life on Earth. It provides food, regulates climate, maintains biodiversity, and sustains countless communities around the world. However, with rising global seafood demand, overfishing, pollution, and environmental change, the pressure on our oceans is becoming greater than ever.

World Ocean Day reminds us of one important truth:

The ocean is not an unlimited resource.

Human beings can obtain food from the ocean, but we cannot do so at the cost of destroying the ecosystem that supports life itself.

For the aquaculture industry, this day carries a deeper meaning.

The future of aquaculture cannot focus only on production volume. It must also focus on food safety, environmental responsibility, disease prevention, and long-term sustainability.

If aquaculture is not properly managed, it may contribute to water pollution, disease spread, drug residues, and ecological pressure. This is why modern aquaculture must move toward systems that are more controlled, more efficient, and more responsible.

Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) represent one important direction.

By recycling water, reducing discharge, stabilizing water quality, and lowering dependence on natural water sources, RAS is not only a farming technology. It is also a more responsible production model for the future of aquaculture.

For Dr.Fish, promoting RAS Eco-Tech Aquaculture is not only about teaching people how to farm fish and shrimp. It is about helping the industry move from resource-dependent farming toward system-based, sustainable, and environmentally responsible aquaculture.

World Ocean Day reminds us:

We need seafood,
but we cannot sacrifice the ocean.

The real future of aquaculture is not simply about producing more.

It is about producing safely, stably, and sustainably.

Protecting the ocean begins with changing the way we farm.

✍️ Author: Ryan Tan Hong Joo
RAS Eco-Tech Aquaculture Expert | Dr.Fish Founder

#世界海洋日 #鱼博士

06/06/2026

【Dr.Fish 每周文献拆解】
水产养殖不能长期依赖抗生素:真正的风险不只是药残,而是抗药性

在水产养殖里,当鱼虾开始死亡时,很多养殖户的第一反应往往不是先找出真正原因,而是马上寻找药物。

要用什么抗生素?
要下什么药才可以止死?
要不要换另一种药?
要不要几种药一起用?

这种现象在现实养殖中并不少见。很多时候,抗生素会从正规或非正规渠道进入养殖场,甚至被一些人当成“神药”。只要鱼虾不吃、死亡增加、体色异常、烂鳃、红身、白便,第一反应就是用药。

但真正的问题是:

每一次死亡,真的都是病原体造成的吗?

从实际养殖经验来看,并不是。

很多鱼虾死亡的背后,并不是单一病原突然变强,而是系统长期失衡后,水质、底质、密度、投喂、应激和微生态一起出现问题。病原很多时候只是最后被看到的表象,而不是唯一的根源。

在RAS循环水养殖系统中,如果硝化系统不成熟,或水质管理不到位,氨氮、亚硝酸盐、有机负荷等问题就可能累积,造成鱼虾长期处于压力状态。在传统土塘养殖中,情况更加复杂:天气变化、藻相失衡、池底污泥、过度投喂、养殖密度过高、水源污染等,都可能一步一步把系统推向疾病爆发。

这种情况下,使用抗生素后,有时候确实会看到短期改善。

因为系统失衡后,部分细菌性问题可能已经被激发出来,抗生素可以暂时压制一部分病原。但这并不代表真正的问题已经被解决。

抗生素可以杀掉一部分病原,但杀不掉系统管理上的问题。

它不能降低氨氮。
它不能清除池底污泥。
它不能稳定藻相。
它不能建立硝化系统。
它不能修复长期过度投喂造成的有机负荷。
它更不能替代一个稳定的养殖系统。

所以,抗生素是治疗工具,不是养殖系统的稳定器。

真正危险的是,当养殖户把抗生素从“治疗工具”变成“日常管理手段”时,整个养殖场就会开始进入一个恶性循环。

一开始,某一种抗生素看起来有效。
使用一段时间后,效果慢慢变差。
死亡率又开始上升。
于是换另一种抗生素。
再过一段时间,又开始失效。
最后开始把一两种,甚至几种抗生素混合使用。

表面上看,好像是在加强治疗。

但实际上,这可能是在不断增加筛选抗药性病原体的压力。

长期或反复使用同一种抗生素,会让敏感菌被淘汰,较耐药的菌存留下来。当这种压力持续存在,抗药性病原就越来越容易占优势。到了最后,养殖户会发现,以前有效的药越来越没效果,死亡率越来越难控制。

今天乱用药,可能是在培养明天更难控制的病原。

这才是抗生素滥用最可怕的地方。

很多人谈到抗生素,最先想到的是“药残”。药残当然是很严重的问题,因为它关系到食品安全、消费者信任、市场销售和出口检测。

但从长期来看,真正更难逆转的风险,是抗药性。

药残影响的是这一批产品能不能安全上市。
抗药性影响的是未来疾病还能不能有效治疗。

如果一个养殖场长期滥用抗生素,问题已经不只是这一池鱼虾。如果一个养殖区有几十户,甚至上百户养殖户在同一个区域养殖,又使用类似来源、类似种类的抗生素,那么这个问题就不再只是单一养殖场的问题。

它会变成区域生态问题。

水体会受到影响。
底泥微生物会受到影响。
环境中的病原压力会改变。
抗药性细菌和抗药性基因可能扩散。
最终影响的不只是养殖动物,也可能影响食品链、环境和公共卫生。

换句话说,抗生素滥用不是一个养殖户自己的风险,而是整个养殖区域、食品安全体系和未来疾病管理能力的共同风险。

更严重的是,人类也可能正在把自己未来治疗疾病的路一步一步堵死。

如果抗药性不断扩大,未来不只是鱼虾疾病越来越难治,人类医学中重要抗生素的有效性也可能受到威胁。这个问题已经不只是水产行业内部的问题,而是全球公共卫生关注的问题。

当然,我并不是说抗生素完全不能用。

在明确诊断为细菌性疾病、经过专业判断、符合法规、规范用药,并遵守停药期的情况下,抗生素可以是必要的治疗工具。

但抗生素不能乱用。
不能长期依赖。
不能没有诊断就用。
不能把它当成预防性日常添加。
更不能在一种药无效后,就不断换药、加药、混药。

真正专业的养殖管理,应该是从“治疗型管理”转向“预防型系统管理”。

治疗型管理,是等鱼虾死亡了才找药。
预防型系统管理,是在疾病发生前,就把风险控制下来。

这包括水质稳定、底质管理、合理密度、精准投喂、健康苗种、生物安全、微生物系统管理、日常检测、SOP执行,以及天气变化前的风险预判。

传统养殖往往是在问题出现后才处理。
现代化养殖则应该更强调系统稳定、早期预警和风险控制。

这也是为什么在RAS循环水养殖和现代化系统管理中,方向不应该是依赖抗生素来维持生产,而是通过稳定的水质、生物过滤、生物安全、封闭式管理、标准化SOP和持续监测,把疾病发生率降到最低。

RAS系统本身更强调环境可控性和食品安全,不能把抗生素当成维持系统运作的手段。一个真正成熟的现代化养殖系统,应该尽量减少对药物的依赖,而不是靠药物去掩盖系统管理的失败。

未来水产养殖的竞争力,不是看谁用药更强,而是看谁的系统更稳定、风险更低、产品更安全。

抗生素可以治疗部分细菌性疾病。
但它不能替代水质管理。
不能替代底质管理。
不能替代生物安全。
不能替代健康苗种。
不能替代系统设计。
更不能替代专业管理。

水产养殖真正要走向可持续,就不能长期依赖抗生素。

因为真正的风险,不只是药残。

而是抗药性。

当抗生素被滥用,今天看似解决了死亡问题,明天可能制造出更难控制的疾病问题。

所以我认为,未来水产养殖必须重新认识抗生素的位置:

抗生素是治疗工具,不是养殖系统的稳定器。

真正可持续的疾病管理,不是药越多越安全,而是系统越稳越少病。

📖 References
Okocha, R. C., Olatoye, I. O., & Adedeji, O. B. (2018). Food safety impacts of antimicrobial use and their residues in aquaculture. Public Health Reviews.

Yuan, X., Lv, Z., Zhang, Z., Han, Y., Liu, Z., & Zhang, H. (2023). A Review of Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, and Resistance Genes in Aquaculture: Occurrence, Contamination, and Transmission. Toxics.

World Health Organization. (2017). WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Responsible use of antibiotics in aquaculture.

Yusoff, F. M., Umi, W. A. D., Ramli, N. M., & Harun, R. (2024). Water quality management in aquaculture. Cambridge Prisms: Water.

✍️ 作者:陈丰裕(Ryan Tan Hong Joo)
RAS环保科技养殖专家|Dr.Fish创办人

#鱼博士每周文献拆解
#鱼博士 #陈丰裕
#环保养殖 #科技养殖 #循环水养殖系统
#养鱼 #养虾 #鱼菜共生

05/06/2026

【Dr.Fish Weekly Literature Insight】
Aquaculture Cannot Depend on Antibiotics Long-Term: The Real Risk Is Not Only Residue, but Antimicrobial Resistance

In aquaculture, when fish or shrimp begin to die, many farmers’ first reaction is often not to identify the real cause, but to immediately search for medicine.

What antibiotic should be used?
What medicine can stop the mortality?
Should we switch to another drug?
Should we combine several antibiotics together?

This situation is not uncommon in real farming operations. In many cases, antibiotics enter farms through both formal and informal channels, and some farmers even treat them like a “miracle solution.” Once fish or shrimp stop feeding, mortality increases, body color changes, gill problems appear, red body symptoms occur, or white f***s is observed, the first reaction is often medication.

But the real question is:

Is every mortality case truly caused by pathogens?

From practical aquaculture experience, the answer is no.

In many cases, fish and shrimp mortality is not caused by a single pathogen suddenly becoming stronger. More often, the system has already been moving toward imbalance, involving water quality, pond bottom condition, stocking density, feeding, stress, and microbial ecology. The pathogen is often only the visible expression at the final stage, not the only root cause.

In Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS), if the nitrification system is not mature or water quality management is insufficient, ammonia, nitrite, and organic loading may accumulate, placing fish and shrimp under long-term stress. In traditional pond aquaculture, the situation can be even more complex. Weather changes, algal imbalance, pond sludge, overfeeding, high stocking density, and polluted water sources can gradually push the system toward disease outbreak.

Under such conditions, antibiotics may sometimes produce short-term improvement.

This is because when a system becomes imbalanced, certain bacterial problems may already have been triggered. Antibiotics may temporarily suppress part of the pathogen load. However, this does not mean that the real problem has been solved.

Antibiotics can kill part of the pathogen, but they cannot kill the problems within system management.

They cannot reduce ammonia.
They cannot remove pond sludge.
They cannot stabilize algal balance.
They cannot establish a nitrification system.
They cannot repair organic loading caused by long-term overfeeding.
And they cannot replace a stable aquaculture system.

Therefore, antibiotics are treatment tools, not stabilizers for aquaculture systems.

The real danger begins when farmers turn antibiotics from a treatment tool into a daily management method. Once this happens, the farm may enter a vicious cycle.

At first, one antibiotic appears to be effective.
After repeated use, its effect gradually weakens.
Mortality starts to increase again.
Then another antibiotic is used.
After some time, that also becomes less effective.
Eventually, one or two, or even several antibiotics, may be mixed together.

On the surface, this may look like stronger treatment.

But in reality, it may be increasing the selection pressure for antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

Long-term or repeated use of the same antibiotic can eliminate susceptible bacteria while allowing more resistant bacteria to survive. When this pressure continues, resistant pathogens are more likely to dominate. Eventually, farmers may find that medicines which used to work are becoming less effective, and mortality becomes harder to control.

Misusing antibiotics today may be cultivating pathogens that are harder to control tomorrow.

This is the most serious danger of antibiotic abuse.

When people talk about antibiotics, the first concern is often drug residue. Residue is certainly a serious issue because it affects food safety, consumer trust, market access, and export inspection.

But in the long term, the risk that is even harder to reverse is antimicrobial resistance.

Residue affects whether this batch of products can safely enter the market.
Antimicrobial resistance affects whether future diseases can still be treated effectively.

If one farm abuses antibiotics over a long period, the problem is no longer limited to that particular pond or tank. If dozens or even hundreds of farms in the same farming region use similar antibiotic sources and similar antibiotic types, the issue becomes much larger than one farm.

It becomes a regional ecological issue.

The water environment may be affected.
Pond bottom microbial communities may be affected.
Pathogen pressure in the environment may change.
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes may spread.
Eventually, the impact may extend beyond farmed animals to the food chain, the environment, and public health.

In other words, antibiotic abuse is not only a risk for one farmer. It is a shared risk for the entire farming region, the food safety system, and future disease management capacity.

More seriously, humans may also be slowly blocking their own path to effective disease treatment.

If antimicrobial resistance continues to expand, it may not only make fish and shrimp diseases harder to treat. It may also threaten the effectiveness of important antibiotics used in human medicine. This is no longer only an internal issue within aquaculture. It is a global public health concern.

Of course, I am not saying antibiotics can never be used.

When a bacterial disease is clearly diagnosed, professionally assessed, legally regulated, properly administered, and withdrawal periods are strictly followed, antibiotics may be necessary treatment tools.

But antibiotics must not be used casually.
They must not be relied on long-term.
They must not be used without diagnosis.
They must not become routine preventive additives.
And they must not be used in a cycle of switching, adding, and mixing whenever one drug becomes ineffective.

True professional aquaculture management should shift from treatment-based management to prevention-based system management.

Treatment-based management looks for medicine after mortality occurs.
Prevention-based system management reduces risk before disease occurs.

This includes stable water quality, pond bottom management, appropriate stocking density, precise feeding, healthy seed selection, biosecurity, microbial system management, daily monitoring, SOP implementation, and early risk adjustment before weather changes.

Traditional aquaculture often reacts after problems appear.
Modern aquaculture should place greater emphasis on system stability, early warning, and risk control.

This is also why, in RAS and modern aquaculture system management, the direction should not be to depend on antibiotics to maintain production. Instead, disease occurrence should be minimized through stable water quality, biological filtration, biosecurity, controlled environments, standardized SOPs, and continuous monitoring.

RAS emphasizes environmental control and food safety. Antibiotics should not be used as a tool to maintain system operation. A truly mature modern aquaculture system should reduce dependence on medication, not use medication to hide management failure.

The future competitiveness of aquaculture will not depend on who uses stronger medicine.

It will depend on whose system is more stable, whose risk is lower, and whose products are safer.

Antibiotics can treat certain bacterial diseases.
But they cannot replace water quality management.
They cannot replace pond bottom management.
They cannot replace biosecurity.
They cannot replace healthy seed.
They cannot replace system design.
And they cannot replace professional management.

If aquaculture is to become truly sustainable, it cannot depend on antibiotics long-term.

Because the real risk is not only residue.

It is antimicrobial resistance.

When antibiotics are abused, what appears to solve today’s mortality problem may create tomorrow’s disease problem that is far harder to control.

Therefore, aquaculture must redefine the role of antibiotics:

Antibiotics are treatment tools, not stabilizers for aquaculture systems.

Truly sustainable disease management is not about using more medicine.

It is about building a more stable system with fewer disease outbreaks.

📖 References
Okocha, R. C., Olatoye, I. O., & Adedeji, O. B. (2018). Food safety impacts of antimicrobial use and their residues in aquaculture. Public Health Reviews.

Yuan, X., Lv, Z., Zhang, Z., Han, Y., Liu, Z., & Zhang, H. (2023). A Review of Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, and Resistance Genes in Aquaculture: Occurrence, Contamination, and Transmission. Toxics.

World Health Organization. (2017). WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Responsible use of antibiotics in aquaculture.

Yusoff, F. M., Umi, W. A. D., Ramli, N. M., & Harun, R. (2024). Water quality management in aquaculture. Cambridge Prisms: Water.

✍️ Author: Ryan Tan Hong Joo
RAS Eco-Tech Aquaculture Expert | Dr.Fish Founder

#鱼博士每周文献拆解
#鱼博士 #陈丰裕
#环保养殖 #科技养殖 #循环水养殖系统
#养鱼 #养虾 #鱼菜共生

30/05/2026

【Dr.Fish 每周文献拆解】
鱼虾生病,很多时候不是病原太强,而是生态失衡

在水产养殖里,很多人一看到鱼虾生病,第一反应就是问:
要下什么药?
要杀什么菌?
要杀什么虫?
要用什么产品救回来?
这些问题并不是完全没有意义。因为当疾病已经发生时,确实需要判断病因,也需要处理病原。

但如果我们只把疾病理解成“病原太强”,其实很容易忽略更重要的问题:
为什么这个病原会在这个时候爆发?
水产养殖环境本来就不是无菌环境。水里一直存在细菌、病毒、寄生虫、真菌,也存在各种有益与有害微生物。病原的存在,并不代表疾病一定会爆发。
真正关键的是,养殖系统是否已经走向失衡。
所以我认为,鱼虾生病,很多时候不是病原突然变强,而是生态环境先变弱了。
病原只是导火线,生态失衡才是火药库。
水体环境,是鱼虾健康最重要的基础。

在RAS循环水养殖系统中,如果系统还没有建立成熟的硝化菌群,或者硝化作用所需要的条件不足,就容易导致氨氮和亚硝酸盐累积。这些毒性物质会影响鱼虾的生理功能,造成长期压力,降低抵抗力,最后让病原更容易乘虚而入。

在土塘养殖中,道理也是类似的,只是造成失衡的因素更多。
养殖密度过高、投喂过量、残饵和粪便累积、池底污泥增加、天气不稳定、藻相变化、pH波动、底质恶化,这些问题都会一步一步改变水体生态。

很多时候,疾病并不是突然来的。
在疾病爆发之前,系统已经给过很多信号。
例如:鱼虾摄食下降、水色异常、泡沫增加、底泥发臭、pH日夜波动变大、氨氮或亚硝酸盐升高、藻相不稳定、鱼浮头、虾不活跃、体色异常。

这些现象表面上看是小问题,但其实是在提醒我们:
系统已经开始不稳定。
当水体环境长期恶化,鱼虾就会进入慢性应激状态。应激不是一个抽象概念,它会真正影响鱼虾的免疫能力。
文献指出,鱼类的压力反应并不是单一反应,而是神经系统、内分泌系统和免疫系统之间的复杂互动。当鱼类长期面对环境压力时,体内激素、细胞因子和免疫反应都会受到影响。
换句话说,环境压力会改变鱼的免疫表现。

另一项关于鲶鱼 handling and transport stress 的经典研究也发现,鱼在受到处理和运输压力后,血液中的白血球和淋巴细胞发生明显变化,免疫细胞对刺激的反应能力下降。这说明压力确实会削弱鱼类的免疫功能,使它们更容易受到感染。

这也是为什么很多养殖场会出现一个现象:
同样的病原,有些池没事,有些池爆发。
同样的天气,有些系统稳得住,有些系统马上出问题。
同样的鱼苗,有些养得顺,有些一直反复生病。
问题不一定只是病原,而是系统基础不同。
一个稳定的系统,可以压制风险。
一个失衡的系统,会放大风险。
很多传统养殖在疾病发生后,最常见的做法是杀菌、杀虫、换水、加菌、改底或下药。这些方法有时可以暂时缓解问题,但如果原本恶劣的环境没有改变,往往只是治标不治本。
因为鱼虾死亡,很多时候不是单一病症造成的。

表面上看到的可能是细菌感染、寄生虫、烂鳃、红身、白便、肠炎或其他症状,但背后往往是综合性因素长期累积的结果。
水质不好,鱼虾先受压。
底质不好,病原容易累积。
投喂失衡,有机负荷增加。
藻相不稳,水体日夜波动变大。
天气突变,系统承受能力下降。
免疫力下降后,病原才真正爆发。
所以真正专业的疾病管理,不应该只从“用什么药”开始,而应该从“为什么系统会走到这一步”开始。

药物可以处理病原,但药物不能重建一个稳定的生态系统。
杀菌可以减少一部分细菌,但如果水质、底质、有机物和管理模式没有改善,新的问题还会继续回来。

杀虫可以处理寄生虫,但如果鱼虾长期处在应激环境下,下一轮问题仍然可能发生。
这就是为什么很多养殖户会觉得疾病一直反复。
不是因为每一次药都无效,而是因为系统根本没有真正恢复稳定。
未来的水产养殖,必须从治疗型管理,转向预防型系统管理。
治疗型管理,是等问题发生后才处理。

预防型系统管理,是在问题发生前,就把风险压低。
这包括:
稳定水质。
管理底质。
控制密度。
合理投喂。
建立稳定微生物系统。
减少有机负荷。
做好生物安全。
选择健康苗种。
建立日常检测和SOP。
在天气变化前提前调整管理。

真正好的养殖系统,不是完全没有病原,而是不容易让病原获得爆发的条件。
因为水产养殖不是无菌管理,而是生态平衡管理。
我们不能把所有疾病问题都简单归咎于病原。病原只是最后出现的结果之一。真正决定疾病是否爆发的,往往是系统长期是否稳定。
鱼虾不是突然生病。

很多时候,是系统一步一步走向失衡,最后疾病才表现出来。
所以,未来真正有竞争力的养殖场,不是药最多的养殖场,而是系统最稳定、管理最精准、风险最低的养殖场。
病原只是导火线,生态失衡才是火药库。

真正专业的疾病管理,不是等鱼虾生病才治疗,而是让系统不容易走到疾病爆发那一步。

📖 References
Tort, L., & Balasch, J. C. (2022). Stress and Immunity in Fish. In Principles of Fish Immunology. Springer Nature.
Ellsaesser, C. F., & Clem, L. W. (1986). Haematological and immunological changes in channel catfish stressed by handling and transport. Journal of Fish Biology.
Yusoff, F. M., Umi, W. A. D., Ramli, N. M., & Harun, R. (2024). Water quality management in aquaculture. Cambridge Prisms: Water.

✍️ 作者:陈丰裕(Ryan Tan Hong Joo)
RAS环保科技养殖专家|Dr.Fish创办人

#鱼博士每周文献拆解
#鱼博士 #陈丰裕
#环保养殖 #科技养殖 #循环水养殖系统
#养鱼 #养虾 #鱼菜共生

28/05/2026

【Dr.Fish Weekly Literature Insight】
Fish and Shrimp Disease Is Often Not About Strong Pathogens, but Ecological Imbalance

In aquaculture, whenever fish or shrimp become sick, many people’s first reaction is to ask:

What medicine should I use?
What bacteria should I kill?
What parasite should I eliminate?
What product can save the stock?

These questions are not completely wrong. When disease has already occurred, it is necessary to identify the cause and manage the pathogen.

However, if we understand disease only as “the pathogen is too strong,” we may overlook a more important question:

Why did the pathogen outbreak happen at this moment?

Aquaculture is never a sterile environment. Water always contains bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and many other beneficial and harmful microorganisms. The presence of pathogens does not necessarily mean that disease will occur.

The real question is whether the farming system has already moved toward imbalance.

In my view, fish and shrimp disease is often not caused by pathogens suddenly becoming stronger, but by the ecological environment becoming weaker first.

Pathogens are only the fuse; ecological imbalance is the powder keg.

The water environment is the foundation of fish and shrimp health.

In Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS), if the system has not developed a mature nitrifying bacterial community, or if the conditions required for nitrification are insufficient, ammonia and nitrite can accumulate. These toxic compounds can affect physiological function, create long-term stress, reduce resistance, and eventually allow pathogens to take advantage of the weakened animal.

In pond aquaculture, the principle is similar, but the causes of imbalance are often more complex.

Overstocking, overfeeding, uneaten feed, f***l accumulation, pond sludge, unstable weather, algal imbalance, pH fluctuation, and deteriorating pond bottom conditions can all gradually change the aquatic ecosystem.

In many cases, disease does not appear suddenly.

Before disease outbreaks, the system often gives many warning signs.

Reduced feeding, abnormal water color, excessive foam, foul-smelling pond bottom, wider day-night pH fluctuation, increased ammonia or nitrite, unstable algal condition, fish surfacing, inactive shrimp, and abnormal body coloration may all indicate that the system has already started to lose stability.

These may look like small issues on the surface, but they are actually warning signals:

The system is no longer stable.

When the water environment deteriorates over time, fish and shrimp enter a state of chronic stress. Stress is not an abstract concept; it can directly affect immune function.

Research on fish stress and immunity shows that the stress response is not a single reaction. It involves complex interactions among the nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system. When fish are exposed to prolonged environmental stress, hormones, cytokines, and immune responses can all be affected.

In simple terms, environmental stress changes immune performance.

A classic study on handling and transport stress in channel catfish also showed that after stress exposure, white blood cell profiles and lymphocyte levels changed significantly, while immune cells showed reduced responses to stimulation. This supports the idea that stress can suppress immune function and increase susceptibility to infection.

This is why many farms experience a common situation:

The same pathogen may affect one pond but not another.
The same weather change may cause one system to collapse while another remains stable.
The same batch of seed may perform well in one farm but constantly face disease in another.

The issue is not always the pathogen alone.

It is often the foundation of the system.

A stable system suppresses risk.
An imbalanced system amplifies risk.

In traditional aquaculture, common responses to disease include disinfection, parasite treatment, water exchange, probiotics, pond bottom treatment, or medication. These methods may sometimes provide temporary relief. However, if the original poor environment is not corrected, the problem is often only treated at the surface.

Fish and shrimp mortality is often not caused by a single symptom.

What we observe may be bacterial infection, parasites, gill damage, red body, white f***s, enteritis, or other visible signs. But behind these symptoms, there is often a combination of long-term accumulated factors.

Poor water quality creates stress.
Poor pond bottom conditions accumulate pathogens.
Imbalanced feeding increases organic loading.
Unstable algae causes larger daily water fluctuations.
Sudden weather changes reduce system resilience.
Once immunity declines, pathogens gain the opportunity to outbreak.

Therefore, professional disease management should not begin with “what medicine should I use?”

It should begin with:

Why did the system reach this condition?

Medicine can target pathogens, but medicine cannot rebuild a stable ecosystem.

Disinfection may reduce part of the bacterial load, but if water quality, pond bottom condition, organic load, and management practices remain unchanged, new problems will continue to return.

Parasite treatment may solve one issue, but if fish and shrimp remain under chronic stress, the next problem may still occur.

This is why many farmers feel that disease keeps coming back.

It is not always because the treatment is ineffective.

It is often because the system has never truly returned to stability.

The future of aquaculture must shift from treatment-based management to prevention-based system management.

Treatment-based management reacts after problems occur.
Prevention-based system management reduces risk before problems occur.

This includes:

Stable water quality.
Proper pond bottom management.
Appropriate stocking density.
Balanced feeding.
A stable microbial system.
Reduced organic loading.
Strong biosecurity.
Healthy seed selection.
Daily monitoring and SOP implementation.
Early adjustment before weather changes.

A good aquaculture system is not one that has no pathogens at all.

A good system is one that does not easily create the conditions for pathogens to dominate.

Aquaculture is not sterile management.

It is ecological balance management.

We should not simplify every disease problem as a pathogen problem. Pathogens are often only one part of the final outcome. What truly determines whether disease will occur is whether the system has remained stable over time.

Fish and shrimp do not usually become sick suddenly.

More often, the system gradually moves toward imbalance, and disease is the final expression of that imbalance.

Therefore, the most competitive farms in the future will not be those with the most medicine.

They will be the farms with the most stable systems, the most precise management, and the lowest operational risk.

Pathogens are only the fuse; ecological imbalance is the powder keg.

True disease management is not about waiting until fish and shrimp become sick before treating them.

It is about building a system that is less likely to reach the point of disease outbreak.

📖 References
Tort, L., & Balasch, J. C. (2022). Stress and Immunity in Fish. In Principles of Fish Immunology. Springer Nature.

Ellsaesser, C. F., & Clem, L. W. (1986). Haematological and immunological changes in channel catfish stressed by handling and transport. Journal of Fish Biology.

Yusoff, F. M., Umi, W. A. D., Ramli, N. M., & Harun, R. (2024). Water quality management in aquaculture. Cambridge Prisms: Water.

✍️ Author: Ryan Tan Hong Joo
RAS Eco-Tech Aquaculture Expert | Dr.Fish Founder

#鱼博士每周文献拆解
#鱼博士 #陈丰裕
#环保养殖 #科技养殖 #循环水养殖系统
#养鱼 #养虾 #鱼菜共生

28/05/2026

今天非常荣幸迎来来自 Universiti Malaysia Terengganu(UMT)的 Dr. Siti Ariza Binti Aripin 到访鱼博士现代化水产养殖学院(Dr.Fish Academy)。此次到访主要针对实习生的学习与实习状况进行审查与考核,同时双方也针对未来实习合作与人才培养方向进行了交流。

通过这次交流,进一步加强了学术与产业之间的联系,也希望未来能够共同培养更多现代化水产养殖领域的人才,为RAS循环水养殖技术的发展带来更多正面的推动。

感谢 Dr. Siti Ariza Binti Aripin 的到访与指导,期待未来更多交流与合作。

#循环水养殖 #现代化水产养殖 #实习合作 #环保科技养殖 #可持续发展

Photos from Dr.Fish 鱼博士 - RAS Aquaculture Specialist's post 25/05/2026

《水的记忆》新书发布会于UPM圆满举行�以“人与地球共生”为核心理念 引发公众对生态文明的深度思考

(雪兰莪,2026年5月22日讯)

由马来西亚RAS环保科技养殖专家、DRFISH SDN BHD创办人陈丰裕(Ryan Tan Hong Joo)所著的新书《水的记忆:人与地球共生的密码》于2026年5月22日下午3时至6时,在马来西亚博特拉大学(UPM)Thinker Space 2.0圆满举行新书发布会与分享会。

本次活动吸引了来自教育界、环保领域、水产养殖业、学术界及社会各界人士出席,共同探讨“水”、“生态”与“未来文明”之间的关系。特别受邀出席的嘉宾包括本书推荐序作者之一——皇室拿督斯里温国平博士,以及李威声先生等。

《水的记忆》并非一本传统意义上的科技书籍,而是一部结合生态哲学、环境反思、教育理念与RAS(Recirculating Aquaculture System,循环水养殖系统)科技实践的综合性著作。作者透过“水拥有记忆”这一隐喻,反思人类文明发展过程中对环境造成的影响,并进一步提出人与自然应重新建立平衡关系的重要性。
陈丰裕在分享会上表示,人类过去长期以“掠夺资源”的方式追求产量与经济发展,却逐渐忽略了生态系统本身具备的自我修复能力。他指出,真正未来的方向,并不是无限制地向自然索取,而是学习如何通过科技与生态平衡,实现可持续性的生产模式。

他在书中提出:“科技的终点不是征服,而是共生。”�并强调,循环水养殖系统(RAS)不仅是一项养殖技术,更是一种“人与自然重新学习共处”的语言。
《水的记忆》内容涵盖环境污染、气候变化、粮食安全、未来农业、RAS循环水养殖技术、人文教育以及生态文明等多个层面。书中指出,当今全球面对的粮食危机,并非“食物不足”,而是“生产方式错误”;未来真正的文明,不应建立在对自然的掠夺,而应建立在“循环、净化、重生”的生态理念之上。

书中也特别强调教育的重要性。作者认为,教育不仅是知识的传递,更应是生态意识与责任感的唤醒。通过RAS系统的教学与实践,让学生理解“水为何会变浑浊”、“生态为何失衡”,从而重新认识人与环境之间的关系。

活动现场亦展示了《水的记忆》书中所倡导的理念——“当水再次清澈,未来已来。”�许多出席者在分享会后表示,这不仅是一本关于环保科技的书,更像是一封写给地球与未来世代的信,让人重新思考人类文明的发展方向。

《水的记忆》由纸艺出版社(Paper Lab Production)出版,全书结合作者多年在RAS循环水养殖技术、环境教育及生态实践中的经验与思考。作者希望通过本书,唤起公众对水资源、生态系统及可持续未来的关注,并让更多人理解:
“真正的进步,并不在于征服自然,而在于理解自然。”
《水的记忆》目前已正式发行。

#鱼博士 #陈丰裕 #水的记忆

Photos from Dr.Fish 鱼博士 - RAS Aquaculture Specialist's post 23/05/2026

中国朋友的祝贺【水的记忆】

23/05/2026

【Dr.Fish 每周文献拆解】
为什么30年前做传统养殖的人像有钱人,今天却处处遇到瓶颈?

在马来西亚,很多人对传统水产养殖都有一个印象:早期做鱼塘、虾塘的人,很多都赚到了钱,甚至被社会标签为“有钱人”。
这个现象是真实存在的。

但如果我们认真分析,就会发现,30年前传统养殖之所以容易赚钱,并不完全是因为当时的技术有多先进,而是因为那个时代拥有非常明显的“资源红利”。

当时未开发区域多,土地和水资源相对充足,天然水体还有较强的自我净化能力。养殖户可以利用自然环境来协助完成一部分水质调节、废物稀释和生态缓冲。再加上过去雨季和旱季相对分明,养殖户比较容易掌握季节规律,什么时候放苗、什么时候管理、什么时候收成,都有较清楚的经验判断。

换句话说,早期传统养殖赚到的钱,很大一部分来自环境资源的红利。
但是今天,整个养殖环境已经完全不同。
现代水产养殖面对的,已经不是单一的养殖技术问题,而是一整套系统性瓶颈。文献指出,水产养殖需要良好的水质才能成功运作,但养殖本身也会产生废物;污染水源、过度投喂、过度放养、抗生素或化学品使用,以及有害藻华,都会造成水质恶化和产量下降。

这正是传统养殖今天最现实的问题。
过去自然环境可以帮养殖户“承担”一部分压力。今天,自然环境已经被过度开发,能够自然净化和缓冲的条件越来越少。水源不再稳定,水质不再可靠,气候也不再像以前一样容易预测。
以前雨季和旱季分明,养殖户可以靠经验抓规律。现在天气越来越不稳定,季节越来越混乱。降雨、温度、光照和水体变化不再容易掌握,直接影响水中的生态平衡。

尤其在传统池塘养殖中,光合作用对水体生态影响很大。当天气稳定、阳光规律时,藻类和微生物生态比较容易维持平衡。但一旦气候变化剧烈,连续阴天、暴雨、高温、低光照或突变天气,都可能造成水体生态极端变化。

这时候,水质问题就会被快速放大。
文献也提到,水质受到温度、光照、pH、溶氧、有机物、营养盐、微生物和生物互动等多种因素影响;气候变化会造成这些物理化学因素剧烈波动,进而影响鱼类健康、增加疾病发生率,并导致死亡率和产量问题。

所以今天传统养殖的瓶颈,不是单纯“鱼不好养”而已,而是整个自然系统已经不再像过去那样稳定。
另一个关键问题是有机负荷。

传统养殖大量依赖投喂。饲料进入池塘后,并不是全部转化成鱼虾的生长。残饵、粪便和代谢废物会不断累积,最后形成氨氮、亚硝酸盐、BOD、COD、污泥和其他水质压力。文献指出,过量饲料和代谢废物是造成水质恶化的重要来源,并会导致高氨氮、高硝酸盐、高磷、高BOD、高COD和低溶氧等问题。
这也解释了为什么今天很多传统养殖场越来越依赖机械增氧和大量换水。

不是因为养殖户喜欢增加成本,而是因为自然水体已经无法承担原本的净化功能。以前靠水体流动、土地缓冲、藻相平衡和自然生态来消化的问题,今天必须靠电力、设备和人工去补救。
这也是为什么很多传统养殖越来越耗电。
水中缺氧,需要增氧。水质污染,需要换水。换水需要抽水,抽水需要电。密度越高、投喂越多、污泥越厚、天气越不稳定,电力需求就越大。结果传统养殖原本依赖自然资源的低成本优势,慢慢变成高能源依赖的经营模式。

在一些地区,甚至出现非正规用电或偷电的现象。这个问题表面上是违法用电,背后其实反映的是传统养殖在能源成本压力下的结构性困境。
当一个养殖模式必须靠大量电力去维持水质,却又无法通过市场价格稳定转嫁成本时,经营压力就会越来越大。
除了水质和电费,饲料成本也是另一个核心瓶颈。文献指出,鱼类饲料是养殖系统的主要营养来源,其质量和价格直接影响鱼类生长和生产效率;在部分地区,饲料甚至可占鱼类生产运行成本的75%至85%。
这代表什么?

代表过去利润空间大的时代,养殖户可以容忍一些损耗;但今天饲料、人工、电费、鱼苗、土地和设备成本都上涨后,任何一个环节失控,都会直接吃掉利润。
所以我认为,今天传统养殖最大的挑战,不是单纯水质、病害、饲料成本或市场价格其中一个问题,而是这些因素已经互相连接,形成系统性压力。

水质恶化会造成疾病增加。疾病增加会造成死亡率上升。死亡率上升会让FCR变差。FCR变差会推高饲料成本。饲料成本上升会压缩利润。利润变薄后,养殖户更难投资设备和管理。管理不足,又进一步导致水质恶化。

这就是传统养殖今天真正的瓶颈。
过去的传统养殖,是在自然环境还有余力的时代发展起来的。今天的养殖,却是在气候变化、环境开发、成本上升、疾病复杂化和市场竞争加剧的时代继续运行。

所以我们不能再用30年前的逻辑,去理解今天的养殖。
30年前,传统养殖靠的是资源红利。
今天,养殖真正要靠的是系统能力。

所谓系统能力,不只是设备多不多,而是能不能长期稳定管理水质、控制投喂、减少废物累积、降低病害风险、稳定生产成本,并让养殖结果可以预测、可以复制、可以持续。

这也是为什么未来水产养殖的发展方向,不应该只是追求更大面积、更高密度或更多投喂,而是必须回到一个核心问题:
这个系统能不能长期稳定?
如果不能稳定,产量越高,风险越大。
如果不能控制,规模越大,损失越重。
如果不能预测,养殖就会越来越像赌博。
传统养殖并不是没有价值。它曾经支撑了许多地方经济,也培养了很多有经验的养殖户。但我们必须承认,传统养殖过去依赖的环境条件,今天已经改变了。

未来真正有竞争力的养殖场,不会只是拥有一口好塘,而是拥有一套好系统。
以前养殖靠环境。
现在养殖靠管理。
未来养殖靠系统。
传统养殖过去赚的是资源红利,未来养殖赚的是系统能力。
这才是水产养殖真正进入新时代的开始。

📖 References
Yusoff, F. M., Umi, W. A. D., Ramli, N. M., & Harun, R. (2024). Water quality management in aquaculture. Cambridge Prisms: Water.
Shubham et al. (2023). Constraints Perceived by Farmers in Fish Farming: A Review Analysis. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change.
Amponsah, S. K., Azumah, D. D., & Agyakwah, S. K. (2025). Aquaculture in Africa: Production Systems, Challenges, and Opportunities.

✍️ 作者:陈丰裕(Ryan Tan Hong Joo)
RAS环保科技养殖专家|Dr.Fish创办人

#鱼博士每周文献拆解
#鱼博士 #陈丰裕
#环保养殖 #科技养殖 #循环水养殖系统
#养鱼 #养虾 #鱼菜共生

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