23/06/2026
1. Magnification 🔍
Magnification (M) is the ratio of the height of the image (hi) to the height of the object (ho). The formula is:
M = hi/ho
Given an object height of 5m and an image height of 25m
m = 25/5
m = 5
Answer: Magnification = 5× (if the image is inverted, it would be –5, but with the given data we take magnitude).
2(a). Refractive Index 📐
The refractive index (n) is a measure of how much a medium slows down light compared to a vacuum. It is defined by Snell's Law, which relates the angles of light as it passes between two media.
The formula using the angle of incidence theta_1 and the angle of refraction theta_2 is:
n = sin (theta_1/sin(theta_2)
2(b). Calculating Refractive Index
Using the formula above, we have an angle of incidence of 30° and an angle of refraction of 18°.
To find the refractive index, we need to calculate:
n = sin30°/sin18°
Given: i = 30° , r = 18°
n = sin 30°/sin 18°
= 0.5/0.3090
= 1.618
Answer: n = 1.62 (no units).
23/06/2026
22/06/2026
22/06/2026